Basic knowledge of coordinate boring machine processing

**1. What types of coordinate boring machines can be classified according to structural features? Brief description of its processing content and accuracy range.** A: Coordinate boring machines are typically categorized based on their structural design into vertical and horizontal types. The vertical type includes single-column and double-column models, while the horizontal type consists of vertical bed and horizontal bed configurations. These machines are primarily used for precision hole drilling, milling, scribing, and measurement tasks. They are capable of achieving high-accuracy positioning with a coordinate tolerance of 0.004–0.01 mm and surface roughness below Ra 0.8 μm, making them ideal for manufacturing complex and high-tolerance components. **2. What are the common positioning system devices for coordinate boring machines? What are the basic components of these devices?** A: Common positioning systems in coordinate boring machines include mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, photoelectric, and laser-based systems. These systems generally consist of key components such as a reference scale, a signal transmission device, and a reading unit. The reference scale provides a fixed length standard, while the signal transmission and reading units help measure and display position data accurately. **3. What is the principle and characteristics of the precision line ruler and screen reader?** A: The precision line ruler and screen reader work by fixing the ruler on the workbench and using an optical system to magnify the scale lines onto a screen. As the table moves, the scale lines move across the screen, allowing precise measurement through a reticle. This non-contact system ensures high accuracy and long-term stability, as it is not affected by mechanical wear. **4. Briefly describe the positioning principle of the induction synchronizer system.** A: An induction synchronizer uses electromagnetic induction principles. When two conductors move relative to each other, the induced electromotive force changes. The scale is fixed on the machine bed, and the slider is attached to the moving table. The coils on the scale are arranged in a row, while the slider has two offset sections. As the table moves, the induced voltage is converted into electrical signals, processed electronically, and displayed as coordinate values on a digital screen. **5. Describe the process features of boring holes on a coordinate boring machine. What effect do these features have on tool geometry?** A: Boring operations on coordinate boring machines require high precision in hole dimensions, shape, and position, along with fine surface finish. This means smaller cutting allowances and more feed passes. To accommodate this, the boring tool should have a larger rake angle, relief angle, and a 90° main cutting angle. The nose radius should be rounded, and the blade angle should be positive to ensure smooth cutting and reduce tool wear. **6. What are the special tools used in coordinate boring machines? What are their functions?** A: Special tools for coordinate boring machines fall into three categories: (1) Positioning and alignment tools like dial indicators, optical positioners, and center punches; (2) Clamping tools such as adjustable boring bars and chucks; and (3) Scribing tools including scribers and planers. These tools enhance precision, efficiency, and accuracy during machining. **7. How to use an optical positioner?** A: After installing the optical positioner, place the angle iron on the datum plane and align it with the workpiece. Adjust the table so that the reticle in the angle iron matches the one in the optical positioner. Then, adjust the screen reader’s reticle to overlap with the image. Using both coarse and fine readings, the workpiece can be positioned precisely according to the pattern. **8. What precautions should be taken to minimize thermal deformation errors during machining?** A: To reduce thermal errors, maintain a constant temperature environment (20±1°C), allow the workpiece to acclimate for at least 8 hours, run the machine idle before starting, separate roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing processes, limit cutting depth and feed rate, and avoid excessive movement around the machine. **9. What accuracy can be achieved when milling precision planes on a coordinate boring machine, and what should be considered?** A: Precision milling on a coordinate boring machine can achieve surface roughness less than Ra 0.8 μm, flatness error between 0.004–0.012 mm, and position accuracy up to 0.01 mm. Key considerations include keeping the milling allowance small (1–3 mm), ensuring sharp cutters, locking the spindle during operation, and avoiding uneven wear on the precision screw. **10. What factors affect the accuracy of hole pitch in coordinate boring machine machining, and how can they be addressed?** A: Factors include positioning errors, low accuracy of the precision screw, optical system misalignment, poor machine rigidity, and thermal deformation. Solutions involve improving positioning methods, recalibrating the screw, adjusting the optical system, repairing the machine, and controlling temperature and cutting conditions.

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