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What is the production method of H-beam?
H-beams can be manufactured through either welding or rolling. In the case of welded H-beams, steel strips of appropriate thickness and width are cut and then welded together using a continuous welding unit. However, this method has several drawbacks, including high metal consumption, inconsistent product performance, and limited size options. As a result, most H-beams today are produced using the rolling method. In modern steel production, H-beams are typically rolled using universal rolling mills. During the process, the web is formed between the upper and lower horizontal rolls, while the flanges are shaped simultaneously between the side of the horizontal roll and the vertical roll.
Since the universal rolling mill alone cannot effectively press down the flange edges, an additional edger stand is usually placed behind the universal stand. This machine helps control the flange width by pressing down the edges. In actual rolling operations, two stands are often used in combination, with the billet being passed back and forth multiple times (as shown in Fig. 2a), or it may pass through several universal stands followed by one or two edger stands. The entire rolling line is designed with a specific reduction for each pass, gradually shaping the billet into the desired dimensions.
Due to the sliding contact between the horizontal roll’s side and the workpiece, wear on the rolls at the flange area tends to be significant. To maintain roll shape after heavy use, the sides of the upper and lower horizontal rolls in the roughing stand, as well as the corresponding vertical rolls, are inclined at an angle between 3° and 8°. A finishing universal mill, also called a universal finishing mill, is then used to correct the flange angle. In this mill, the side of the horizontal roll is either perpendicular to its axis or has a very small inclination—usually no more than 20′—while the vertical roll remains cylindrical (Fig. 2d).
Rolling H-beams using a universal rolling mill allows for a more uniform section extension and reduces the speed difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the flange. This leads to lower internal stress and fewer surface defects. By adjusting the reduction of the horizontal and vertical rolls, H-beams of various specifications can be produced. Additionally, the roll design in a universal mill is relatively simple, durable, and cost-effective, significantly reducing roll consumption. One of the greatest advantages of this method is that within the same dimension series, only the web and flange thicknesses vary, while other dimensions remain fixed. This allows a single set of universal passes to produce a wide range of H-beam sizes, greatly increasing the variety available and offering users more flexibility in choosing the right specifications.
In some cases where a universal rolling mill is not available, a vertical roll frame can be added to a standard two-high rolling mill to create a universal pass for H-beam production. However, this approach results in lower dimensional accuracy, difficulty in forming a precise right angle between the flange and web, higher costs, and smaller size limitations. It is especially challenging to roll H-beams suitable for columns, which limits the number of users who adopt this method.