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What is the production method of H-beam?
H-beams can be manufactured either through welding or rolling. In the case of welded H-beams, steel strips of appropriate thickness and width are cut and then joined together using a continuous welding unit. However, this method has several drawbacks, including high material consumption, inconsistent product performance, and limited size options. As a result, the majority of H-beams today are produced using the rolling method. In modern steel production, universal rolling mills are commonly used to roll H-beams. The web is formed between the upper and lower horizontal rolls, while the flanges are simultaneously shaped between the side of the horizontal roll and the vertical roll. Since the universal rolling mill alone cannot fully press down the edges of the flange, an additional edger stand is typically placed after the universal stand. This device, known as the edge rolling machine, ensures that the flange edges are properly pressed and the flange width is controlled.
During actual rolling operations, the two stands often work in tandem, with the billet being passed back and forth multiple times (as shown in Fig. 2a), or it may pass through several universal stands followed by one or two edger stands. Each pass on the continuous rolling line reduces the cross-section gradually, shaping the billet into the desired dimensions. Due to the sliding action between the horizontal roll's side and the billet, the wear on the roll is relatively high, especially at the flange area. To maintain the original shape of the rolls after heavy use, the sides of the upper and lower horizontal rolls in the roughing mill, along with the corresponding vertical rolls, are angled between 3° and 8°. A finishing universal mill, also called a universal finishing stand, is then used to correct the flange angle. In this mill, the horizontal roll’s side is perpendicular to its axis or has a very slight inclination, generally no more than 20 minutes, while the vertical roll remains cylindrical (Fig. 2d).
Rolling H-beams with a universal rolling mill allows for more uniform section extension and minimizes the speed difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the flange, reducing internal stress and surface defects. By adjusting the reduction amounts of the horizontal and vertical rolls, H-beams of various specifications can be produced. The roll design of the universal rolling mill is simple, durable, and cost-effective, significantly lowering roll consumption. One of the key advantages of this method is that within the same dimensional series, only the thickness of the web and flange changes, while other dimensions remain fixed. This means that a single set of universal passes can produce a wide range of web and flange thicknesses, greatly increasing the variety of available H-beam sizes and offering users more flexibility in choosing the right specification.
In situations where a universal rolling mill is not available, some facilities may adapt a standard two-high rolling mill by adding a vertical roll frame to create a universal pass for H-beam production. However, this approach results in lower dimensional accuracy, difficulty in forming a perfect right angle between the flange and web, higher costs, and smaller available sizes. It is particularly challenging to roll H-beams for column applications, which limits its practical use. As a result, this method is rarely adopted by most users.